Tao-te ching, chapter 39

Quote

The things which from of old have got the One (the Tao) are-

Heaven which by it is bright and pure;
Earth rendered thereby firm and sure;
Spirits with powers by it supplied;
Valleys kept full throughout their void
All creatures which through it do live
Princes and kings who from it get
The model which to all they give.

All these are the results of the One (Tao).

Comment

All things and beings derive their excellence from the Tao (The One).

Quote (continued)

Thus it is that dignity finds its (firm) root in its (previous)
meanness, and what is lofty finds its stability in the lowness (from which it rises). Hence princes and kings call themselves 'Orphans,'
'Men of small virtue,' and as 'Carriages without a nave.' Is not this an acknowledgment that in their considering themselves mean they see the foundation of their dignity? So it is that in the enumeration of the different parts of a carriage we do not come on what makes it answer the ends of a carriage. They do not wish to show themselves elegant-looking as jade, but (prefer) to be coarse-looking as an (ordinary) stone.

Comment

... but it is also through the Tao that they become or decay so that what was once pure becomes impure, what was once virtuous becomes miserable etc. The Taoist universe is one of perpetual change which is the work of the Tao.

If heaven were not thus pure, it soon would rend;
If earth were not thus sure, 'would break and bend;
Without these powers, the spirits soon would fail;
If not so filled, the drought would parch each vale;
Without that life, creatures would pass away;
Princes and kings, without that moral sway,
However grand and high, would all decay.

English translation by James Legge
Commentary by Jhian

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